On this day in History
14 February

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Events

842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages.
1014 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany.
1076 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
1349 - Approximately 2,000 Jews were burned to death by mobs or forcibly removed from the city of Strasbourg.
1556 - Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
1743 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister.
1778 - The United States Flag was formally recognized by a foreign naval vessel for the first time, when French Admiral Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte rendered a nine gun salute to USS Ranger, commanded by John Paul Jones.
1779 - James Cook was killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the Island of Hawaii.
1797 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent - John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent & Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) led the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.
1803 - Chief Justice John Marshall declares that any act of U.S. Congress which conflicts with the Constitution is void.
1804 - Karadjordje leads the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.
1831 - Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills Dejazmach Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay.
1835 - The original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is formed in Kirtland, Ohio.
1843 - The event that inspired the song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! is held.
1849 - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first serving President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
1854 - Texas linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.
1859 - Oregon admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
1876 - Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.
1879 - The War of the Pacific breaks out when Chilean armed forces occupy the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
1886 - First trainload of oranges left Los Angeles via the transcontinental railroad.
1895 - First performance of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnest at the St James's Theatre in London.
1899 - Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
1900 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
1900 - Second Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
1903 - The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of Labor).
1912 - Arizona admitted as the 48th U.S. state.
1912 - In Groton, Connecticut, the first diesel-powered submarine is commissioned.
1918 - Tarzan of the Apes, the first movie featuring Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan character, is released.
1918 - The Soviet Union adopts the Gregorian calendar (1 February according to the Julian calendar).
1919 - The Polish-Soviet War begins.
1920 - The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
1924 - The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is founded.
1929 - St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven gangster rivals of Al Capone's gang are murdered in Chicago, Illinois.
1942 - Battle of Pasir Panjang contributes to the fall of Singapore.
1943 - World War II: Rostov-on-Don, Russia is liberated.
1943 - World War II: Battle of the Kasserine Pass - German General Erwin Rommel and the Afrika Korps launch an offensive against Allied defenses in Tunisia.
1944 - World War II: Anti-Japanese revolt on Java.
1945 - On the second day of the Bombing of Dresden in World War II the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.
1945 - Bombing of Prague - probably due to a mistake in the orientation of the pilots bombing Dresden.
1945 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets with King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia aboard the USS Quincy, officially starting the U.S.-Saudi diplomatic relationship.
1945 - Mostar is liberated by Yugoslav partisans.
1946 - The Bank of England is nationalized.
1949 - The Knesset (Israeli parliament) first convenes.
1949 - The Asbestos Strike begins in Canada. The strike marks the beginning of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.
1952 - Olympic Games: Winter Olympic Games - VI Olympic Winter Games open in Oslo, Norway.
1956 - The XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union starts in Moscow. On the last night of the meeting, Premier Nikita Khruschev condemns Josef Stalin's crimes in a secret speech.
1961 - Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized at the University of California.
1962 - First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy takes television viewers on a tour of the White House.
1966 - Australian currency is decimalised.
1979 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.
1980 - Walter Cronkite announces his retirement from the CBS Evening News.
1981 - Stardust Disaster. A fire in a Dublin nightclub kills 48 people
1983 - United American Bank of Knoxville, Tennessee collapses. Its president, Jake Butcher is later convicted of fraud.
1984 - British ice dance team Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean win gold at the Olympic Games in Sarajevo for their free dance Bolero.
1989 - Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal Disaster.
1989 - Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill the author of The Satanic Verses, Salman Rushdie.
1989 - The first of 24 satellites of the Global Positioning System is placed into orbit.
1990 - 92 people are killed aboarad Indian Airlines Flight 605 at Bangalore, India.
1994 - Andrei Chikatilo, a Russian serial killer was executed by shooting.
1996 - China launches a Long March 3 rocket, carrying the Intelsat 708 satellite. The rocket flew off course 3 seconds after liftoff and crashed into a rural village.
1998 - Authorities in the United States announce that Eric Robert Rudolph is a suspect in an Alabama abortion clinic bombing.
2000 - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.
2002 - The Tullaghmurray Lass sinks off the coast of Kilkeel, County Down, Northern Ireland killing three members of the same family on board.
2004 - In a suburb of Moscow, Russia, the roof of the Transvaal water park collapses, killing more than 25 people, and wounding more than 100 others.
2005 - Lebanon's former Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri, is assassinated, prompting the Cedar Revolution (Intifada of Independence).
2005 - Seven people were killed and 151 wounded in a series of bombings by suspected Al-Qaeda-linked militants that hit the Philippines' Makati financial district in Metro Manila, Davao City, and General Santos City.
2006 - chip and PIN - UK cardholders had to use their PIN to be sure they could pay with their chip and PIN card. This change was made to better protect cardholders against fraudsters.
2005 - YouTube, a popular video-sharing website, is established.
Births

1404 - Leone Battista Alberti, Italian painter and philosopher (d. 1472)
1468 - Johann Werner, German mathematician (d. 1522)
1483 - Babur, Moghul emperor of India (d. 1530)
1602 - Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (d. 1676)
1680 - John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor (d. 1737)
1692 - Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée, French writer (d. 1754)
1701 - Enrique Florez, Spanish historian (d. 1773)
1763 - Jean Victor Marie Moreau, French general (d. 1813)
1766 - Thomas Malthus, English economist (d. 1834)
1788 - Fernando Sor, Spanish composer (d. 1839)
1812 - Alfred Thomas Agate, American artist (d. 1846)
1819 - Joshua A. Norton, American eccentric (d. 1880)
1819 - Christopher Sholes, American inventor (d. 1890)
1824 - Winfield Scott Hancock, American Civil War Union general (d. 1886)
1828 - Edmond François Valentin About, French writer (d. 1885)
1846 - Julian Scott, American artist and Civil War Medal of Honor recipient. (d. 1901)
1847 - Anna Howard Shaw, American suffragette (d. 1919)
1848 - Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (d. 1934)
1856 - Frank Harris, Irish author and editor (d. 1931)
1869 - Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1959)
1871 - Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (d. 1959)
1882 - John Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942)
1884 - Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (d. 1972)
1884 or 1885 - Joe Jagersberger, Austrian racing driver (d. 1952)
1890 - Nina Hamnett, Welsh artist (d. 1956)
1892 - Radola Gajda, Czech military commander (d. 1948)
1894 - Jack Benny, American actor and comedian (d. 1974)
1895 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1973)
1898 - Fritz Zwicky, Swiss-American physicist and astronomer (d. 1974)
1903 - Stu Erwin, American actor (d. 1967)
1905 - Thelma Ritter, American actress (d. 1969)
1912 - Tibor Sekelj, Croatian explorer (d. 1988)
1913 - Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
1913 - Woody Hayes, American college football coach (d. 1987)
1913 - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor union leader (disappeared 1975)
1914 - Margarete Mewes, Nazi overseer at concentration camp
1914 - Norman Von Nida, Australian golfer (d. 2007)
1916 - Marcel Bigeard, French general
1916 - Masaki Kobayashi, Japanese director (d. 1996)
1916 - Edward Platt, American actor (d. 1974)
1917 - Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician, Nobel Prize Laureate
1921 - Hugh Downs, American television host
1922 - Murray the K, American impresario and disk jockey (d. 1982)
1927 - Lois Maxwell, Canadian actress
1929 - Vic Morrow, American actor (d. 1982)
1931 - Bernie Geoffrion, Canadian hockey player (d. 2006)
1931 - Brian Kelly, American actor (d. 2005)
1931 - Phyllis McGuire, American singer (The McGuire Sisters)
1932 - Alexander Kluge, German actor and film director
1933 - Madhubala, Indian actress (d. 1969)
1934 - Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
1934 - Florence Henderson, American actress
1936 - Fanne Foxe, Argentine dancer and focus of a 1974 scandal involving Congressman Wilbur Mills.
1936 - Andrew Prine, American actor
1941 - Donna Shalala, American educator
1941 - Paul Tsongas, United States Senator from Massachusetts (d. 1997)
1942 - Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City
1942 - Andrew Robinson, American actor
1942 - Ricardo Rodríguez, Mexican racing driver (d. 1962)
1943 - Maceo Parker, American musician (P-Funk)
1944 - Carl Bernstein, American journalist
1944 - Alan Parker, British film director and writer
1945 - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
1946 - Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (d. 2003)
1946 - Gregory Hines, American dancer and actor (d. 2003)
1947 - Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter (d. 1975)
1948 - Pat O'Brien, American sportscaster and television host
1948 - Teller, American magician (Penn and Teller)
1950 - Roger Fisher, American musician (Heart)
1951 - Kevin Keegan, English footballer
1951 - JoJo Starbuck, American ice skater
1952 - Nancy Keenan, current NARAL president
1955 - Rip Rogers, American professional wrestler
1957 - Alan Hunter, one of the original MTV VJs
1957 - Soile Isokoski, Finnish soprano
1958 - Enrique Mansilla, Argentine racing driver
1958 - Grant Thomas, Australian rules footballer
1959 - Renée Fleming, American soprano
1960 - Jim Kelly, American football player
1960 - Meg Tilly, Canadian actress
1961 - Phillip Hamilton, American author
1962 - Kevyn Aucoin, American cosmetologist (d. 2002)
1962 - Michael Higgs, English actor
1962 - Philippe Sella, French rugby player
1962 - Sakina Jaffrey, Indian actress
1963 - Enrico Colantoni, Canadian actor
1964 - Gianni Bugno, Italian cyclist
1964 - Zach Galligan, American actor
1966 - Petr Svoboda, National Hockey League player
1967 - Manuela Maleeva, Bulgarian tennis player
1967 - Stelios Haji-Ioannou, British entrepreneur
1968 - Jules Asner, American television personality
1968 - Viscera, American professional wrestler
1969 - Adriana Behar, Brazilian beach volleyball player
1969 - Harry Colon, American football player
1970 - Giuseppe Guerini, Italian cyclist
1970 - Simon Pegg, British comedian and actor
1971 - Noriko Sakai, Japanese singer
1971 - Tommy Dreamer, American professional wrestler
1972 - Drew Bledsoe, American football player
1972 - Hiroshi, Japanese comedian
1972 - Rob Thomas, American musician (Matchbox Twenty)
1973 - Steve McNair, American football player
1974 - Filippa Giordano, Italian singer
1975 - Scott Owen, Australian musician (The Living End)
1975 - Yul Kwon, American Survivor contestant
1976 - Liv Kristine, Norwegian singer (Leaves' Eyes)
1977 - Cadel Evans, Australian cyclist
1977 - Elmer Symons, South African motorcycle racer (d. 2007)
1978 - Richard Hamilton, American basketball player
1978 - Dean Gaffney, British actor
1978 - Darius Songaila, basketball player
1979 - Antonio Chatman, American football player
1980 - Fatima Leyva, Mexican footballer
1980 - Michelle Ye, Hong Kong actress
1982 - Marian Gaborik, Slovak hockey player
1983 - Bacary Sagna, French footballer
1983 - Will South, Thirteen Senses frontman
1985 - Karima Adebibe, English actress and model
1985 - Tyler Clippard, American baseball player
1985 - Heart Evangelista, Pinay celebrity
1985 - Hamed Namouchi, Tunisian footballer
1985 - Natsume Sano, Japanese gravure idol
1985 - Philippe Senderos, Swiss footballer
1985 - Miki Yeung, Hong Kong singer and actress
1986 - Michael Ammermüller, German racing driver
1987 - Joseph Pichler, American actor
1987 - Julia Savicheva, Russian singer
1987 - David Wheater, English footballer
1988 - Ángel Di María, Argentine soccer player
Deaths

270 - St. Valentine marking Valentines Day (some sources say 269, others 273).
869 - Saint Cyril, Greek monk, scholar, theologian and linguist (b. 827)
1317 - Marguerite of France, queen of Edward I of England (b. 1282)
1400 - King Richard II of England (murdered) (b. 1367)
1405 - Timur, Mongol conqueror (b. 1336)
1571 - Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (b. 1517)
1676 - Abraham Bosse, French engraver and artist
1714 - Maria Luisa of Savoy, Queen Consort of Spain (b. 1688)
1737 - Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1685)
1744 - John Hadley, inventor (b. 1682)
1779 - James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (b. 1728)
1780 - William Blackstone, English jurist (b. 1723)
1808 - John Dickinson, American lawyer and Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (b. 1732)
1831 - Vicente Guerrero, Mexican revolutionary hero (b. 1782)
1831 - Henry Maudslay, English inventor (b. 1771)
1870 - St. John Richardson Liddell, American Civil War Confederate General (b. 1815)
1881 - Fernando Wood, New York City mayor (b. 1812)
1885 - Jules Vallès, French writer (b. 1832)
1891 - William Tecumseh Sherman, Civil War General (b. 1820)
1894 - Eugène Charles Catalan, Belgian mathematician (b. 1814)
1922 - Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish politician (assassinated) (b. 1880)
1929 - Tom Burke, American runner (b. 1875)
1942 - Adnan Bin Saidi, Officer of the Malay Regiment killed in the defense of Singapore (b. 1915)
1943 - Dora Gerson, German actress, cabaret singer, and Holocaust victim (b. 1899)
1943 - David Hilbert, German mathematician (b. 1862)
1949 - Yusuf Salman Yusuf, Iraqi-Assyrian communist leader (b. 1901)
1952 - Maurice De Waele, Belgian cyclist (b. 1896)
1958 - Abdul Rab Nishtar, veteran leader of Pakistan Movement, (b. 1899)
1959 - Baby Dodds, American jazz drummer (b. 1898)
1967 - Sig Ruman, German-American actor (b. 1884)
1969 - Vito Genovese, American gangster (b. 1897)
1970 - Herbert Strudwick, English cricketer (b. 1880).
1974 - Stewie Dempster, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1903)
1975 - Julian Huxley, British biologist (b. 1887)
1975 - P. G. Wodehouse, English writer (b. 1881)
1979 - Adolph Dubs, American diplomat (b. 1920)
1980 - Luitkonwar Rudra Baruah, Assamese composer and actor
1983 - Lina Radke, German athlete (b. 1903)
1987 - Dmitri Borisovich Kabalevsky, Russian composer (b. 1904)
1988 - Frederick Loewe, Austrian-American composer (b. 1901)
1989 - James Bond, American ornithologist (b. 1900)
1994 - Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (executed) (b. 1936)
1995 - U Nu, Burmese politician (b. 1907)
1995 - Michael V. Gazzo, American actor (b. 1923)
1999 - John Ehrlichman, American presidential advisor (b. 1925)
1999 - Buddy Knox, American singer and songwriter (b. 1933)
2002 - Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (b. 1922)
2003 - Dolly, first cloned mammal (b. 1996)
2003 - Johnny Longden, English jockey (b. 1907)
2004 - Marco Pantani, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)
2005 - Najai Turpin, American boxer
2005 - Rafik Hariri, Lebanese politician and billionaire businessman (b. 1944)
2006 - Shoshana Damari, Israeli singer and actress (b. 1923)
2006 - Lynden David Hall, British singer (b. 1974)
2006 - Darry Cowl, French musician and actor (b. 1925)
2007 - Gareth Morris, British flautist (b. 1920)

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